Frequencies of reporting perceived concerns, withholding voice and speaking up for at least once in the past 4 weeks (dichotomised) by professional group (n=979 with non-missing clinical function data)
| In everyday work, it sometimes happens that things go wrong and risks to patients arise. This could be as a result of medication error, poor hand hygiene or missing documentation. Over the last 4 weeks, how frequently… | ||||
| Relative frequencies | ||||
| Total (%) | Nurses (%) | Doctors (%) | ||
| Perceived concerns (Cronbach’ s a lpha = 0.77) | ||||
| PC1 | … have you had specific concerns about patient safety? | 80.0 | 80.4 | 78.5 |
| PC2 | … have you observed an error which—if uncaptured—could be harmful to patients? | 61.9 | 61.7 | 62.4 |
| PC3 | … have often have you noticed that your workplace colleagues haven’t followed important patient safety rules, intentionally or unintentionally? | 65.8 | 68.5 | 55.6 |
| Withholding voice (Cronbach’s alpha=0.71) | ||||
| WV1 | … did you choose not to bring up your specific concerns about patient safety? | 33.4 | 34.4 | 29.9 |
| WV2 | … did you keep ideas for improving patient safety in your unit to yourself? | 39.0 | 41.1 | 31.2 |
| WV3 | … did you remain silent when you had information that might have prevented a safety incident in your unit? | 18.8 | 19.8 | 14.8 |
| WV4 | … did you not address a colleague (doctors and/or nurses) if he/she didn’t follow important patient safety rules, intentionally or unintentionally? | 39.4 | 42.7 | 27.3 |
| Speaking up (Cronbach’s alpha=0.86) | ||||
| SU1 | … did you bring up specific concerns about patient safety? | 75.8 | 76.8 | 71.7 |
| SU2 | … did you address an error which—if uncaptured—could be harmful for patients ? | 69.6 | 70.2 | 67.7 |
| SU3 | … did you address a colleague (doctors and/or nurses) when he/she didn’t follow important patient safety rules, intentionally or unintentionally? | 64.0 | 66.5 | 54.5 |
| SU4 | … did you prevent an incident from occurring as a consequence of bringing up specific concerns about patient safety? | 54.5 | 56.4 | 47.3 |