Ward round characteristics and observed participation
| Behaviour observed | Category | CPS active n (%) | CPS shared n (%) | CPS passive n (%) |
| Number of WR | (n=113) | 34 (30) | 26 (23) | 53 (46.9) |
| Site 1 | (n=70) | 21 (30) | 19 (27.1) | 30 (42.8) |
| Site 2 | (n=43) | 13 (30.2) | 7 (16.3) | 23 (53.4) |
| Number of WRs observed per patient | One ward round | 4 (25) | 5 (38.4) | 5 (22.7) |
| Two ward rounds | 7 (43.8) | 3 (23.1) | 7 (31.8) | |
| Three ward rounds | 5 (31.25) | 5 (38.5) | 11 (50) | |
| Number of staff present for WRs | Range | 2–12 | 2–11 | 2–11 |
| Patient participation | ||||
| Patient participation observed during WR | Yes | 25 (83.3) | 19 (82.6) | 41 (77.4) |
| Patient participation observed in all stages of WR | Yes | 6 (17.6) | 5 (19.2) | 27 (50.9) |
| Teamwork | ||||
| Patient contributed information during WR. | Yes | 20 (59) | 17 (65.4) | 40 (75.5) |
| Patient was given specific information by clinicians. | Yes | 16 (47.1) | 14 (53.8) | 34 (64.2) |
| Plain (non-technical) language used | No | 22 (64.7) | 12 (46.2) | 32 (60.4) |
| Potentially sensitive information was shared with patient. | Yes | 15 (44.1) | 13 (50) | 19 (35.8) |
| A decision was made/care planned during WR. | Yes | 26 (76.5) | 20 (76.9) | 41 (77.4) |
| Patient-centred care | ||||
| Timing of engagement | Beginning (entry) | 16 (47.1) | 11 (42.3) | 41 (77.4) |
| Middle (process) | 7 (20.6) | 6 (23.1) | 4 (7.5)* | |
| Near end (exit) | 3 (8.8)* | 1 (3.8)* | ||
| Initial patient participation prompted by | Patient (self) | 4 (11.8) | 5 (19.2) | 8 (15.1) |
| Clinician | 18 (52.9) | 13 (50) | 30 (56.6) | |
| Both | 3 (8.8) | 1 (3.8) | 3 (5.7) | |
| Clinician observed to prompt patient contribution | Medical | 21 (61.8) | 12 (46.2) | 28 (52.8) |
| Nurse | 8 (23.5) | 11 (42.3) | 22 (41.5) | |
| Patient preference was elicited. | Yes | 3 (8.8) | 4 (7.5) | |
| Patients asked if they had any questions. | Yes | 15 (44.1) | 11 (42.3) | 19 (35.8) |
| Patient contributed to decisions during WR. | Yes | 7 (20.6) | 2 (7.7) | 11 (20.8) |
*Excludes missing data.
CPS, Control Preference Scale; WR, ward round.