Adjusted normal-based models for logged percentage time spent interacting with staff
| Characteristic | Univariate* Multiplicative effect (95% CI) | Adjusted for all predictors Multiplicative effects (95% CI) |
| Patient characteristics | ||
| Age (per unit increase) | 1.01 (1.00 to 1.02) | 1.00 (0.99 to 1.02) |
| Male contrasted to females | 0.96 (0.67 to 1.38) | 0.99 (0.67 to 1.46) |
| With (vs without) dementia | 1.08 (0.82 to 1.44) | 1.10 (0.82 to 1.48) |
| Observation session characteristics | ||
| Number of patients per RN | (p=0.704) | (p=0.300) |
| ≤6 | 1.12 (0.79, 1.60) | 1.36 (0.88, 2.09) |
| >6 to <8 (reference) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| ≥8 | 1.16 (0.78, 1.74) | 1.30 (0.85, 1.99) |
| Number of patients per HCA | (p=0.045) | (p=0.130) |
| ≤7 | 0.81 (0.57, 1.17) | 0.77 (0.51, 1.17) |
| 7 to 8 (reference) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| >8.00 | 0.63 (0.44, 0.91) | 0.66 (0.44, 1.00) |
| Ward | ||
| A (reference) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| B | 1.09 (0.66 to 1.81) | 1.15 (0.62 to 2.12) |
| C | 0.65 (0.39 to 1.08) | 0.62 (0.34 to 1.16) |
| D | 0.70 (0.42 to 1.19) | 0.72 (0.41 to 1.26) |
| E | 0.80 (0.48 to 1.32) | 0.78 (0.42 to 1.43) |
| F | 0.55 (0.33 to 0.93) | 0.64 (0.37 to 1.11) |
Patient level analysis (n=270).
*Observation session included as a random effect.
HCA, healthcare assistant; RN, registered nurse.