Patient and clinician characteristics
| Patient characteristics | All patients | Control period 1 | Control period 2 | Intervention period 1 | Intervention period 2 |
| Patients, n | 270 | 56 | 65 | 62 | 87 |
| Admission age, mean (SD) | 55.9 (17.0) | 56.3 (16.5) | 57.3 (17.2) | 54.2 (16.8) | 55.8 (17.6) |
| Female, n (%) | 125 (46.3) | 30 (53.6) | 28 (43.1) | 26 (41.9) | 41 (47.1) |
| Race, n (%) | |||||
| White or Caucasian | 160 (59.3) | 35 (62.5) | 41 (63.1) | 34 (54.8) | 50 (57.5) |
| Black or African-American | 40 (14.8) | 4 (7.1) | 9 (13.8) | 11 (17.7) | 16 (18.4) |
| Native American/Other | 70 (25.9) | 17 (30.4) | 15 (23.0) | 17 (27.4) | 21 (24.1) |
| Hispanic ethnicity, n (%) | 52 (19.3) | 11 (19.6) | 11 (16.9) | 13 (21.0) | 17 (19.5) |
| State resident, n (%) | 219 (81.1) | 44 (78.6) | 57 (87.7) | 48 (77.4) | 70 (80.5) |
| Mechanical ventilation required, n (%) | 173 (64.1) | 36 (64.3) | 36 (55.4) | 47 (75.8) | 54 (62.1) |
| APACHE II score, mean (SD) | 20.4 (7.2) | 18.6 (6.7) | 20.0 (6.1) | 20.8 (7.6) | 21.5 (7.8) |
| Charlson Comorbidity Index, mean (SD) | 15.0 (3.5) | 14.8 (3.5) | 15.5 (3.4) | 15.3 (3.7) | 14.5 (3.4) |
| Clinician characteristics* | Baseline | Intervention period 1 | Intervention period 2 |
| Years of experience | |||
| Resident, n (%>1 year) | 10/23 (43.5) | 10/22 (45.5) | 9/19 (47.4) |
| Nurse, n (%>5 years) | 33/66 (50.0) | 26/64 (40.5) | 28/67 (41.8) |
| Attending, n (%>5 years) | 10/19 (54.6) | 11/19 (55.6) | 14/19 (73.7) |
| Female, n (%) | |||
| Resident | 8/23 (34.8) | 10/22 (45.5) | 9/19 (47.4) |
| Nurse | 54/66 (81.8) | 51/64 (79.7) | 52/67 (77.6) |
| Attending | 7/19 (36.8) | 7/19 (36.8) | 7/19 (36.8) |
*Clinician characteristics are those of the respective cohort being surveyed.
APACHE, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation.