Predictive accuracy PSI clusters identifying NSQIP complications
| Any PSI cluster versus any NSQIP complication | ||||||
| Group or subgroup | PPV (95% CI) | NPV (95% CI) | +LR (95% CI) | −LR (95% CI) | Sensitivity (95% CI) | Specificity (95% CI) |
| Full population | 0.55 (0.53 to 0.57) | 0.93 (0.92 to 0.93) | 6.41(6.01 to 6.84) | 0.40 (0.37 to 0.42) | 0.64 (0.62 to 0.66) | 0.90 (0.89 to 0.91) |
| Elective surgery | 0.50 (0.47 to 0.53) | 0.95 (0.94 to 0.95) | 7.47 (6.86 to 8.13) | 0.39 (0.36 to 0.43) | 0.64 (0.61 to 0.67) | 0.91 (0.91 to 0.92) |
| Emergency surgery | 0.61 (0.58 to 0.64) | 0.88 (0.87 to 0.88) | 4.65 (4.21 to 5.15) | 0.41 (0.38 to 0.45) | 0.65 (0.62 to 0.68) | 0.86 (0.85 to 0.87) |
| Orthopaedic surgery | 0.54 (0.50 to 0.59) | 0.91 (0.90 to 0.92) | 6.41 (5.51 to 7.45) | 0.54 (0.50 to 0.59) | 0.5 (0.46 to 0.54 | 0.92 (0.91 to 0.93) |
| General surgery | 0.57 (0.53 to 0.60) | 0.94 (0.93 to 0.95) | 5.26 (4.78 to 5.79) | 0.26 (0.22 to 0.30) | 0.78 (0.75 to 0.81) | 0.85 (0.84 to 0.86) |
| LOS >30 days | 0.82 (0.78 to 0.86) | 0.5 (0.39 to 0.61) | 1.43 (1.23 to 1.65) | 0.30 (0.21 to 0.44) | 0.88 (0.85 to 0.92) | 0.38 (0.29 to 0.47) |
| Specific PSI cluster versus specific NSQIP complication* | ||||||
| PSI cluster | PPV (95% CI) | NPV (95% CI) | +LR (95% CI) | −LR (95% CI) | Sensitivity (95% CI) | Specificity (95% CI) |
| Cardiac | 0.31 (0.25 to 0.36) | 0.99 (0.98 to 0.99) | 21.86 (14.40 to 27.46) | 0.69 (0.63 to 0.75) | 0.32 (0.26 to 0.38) | 0.99 (0.98 to 0.99) |
| Fluid management | 0.13 (0.07 to 0.22) | 0.99 (0.98 to 0.99) | 17.6 (9.85 to 31.32) | 0.90 (0.84 to 0.96) | 0.11 (0.06 to 0.18) | 0.99 (0.99 to 1.00) |
| Hemorrhage | 0.59 (0.55 to 0.64) | 0.92 (0.91 to 0.92) | 21.04 (18.76 to 23.59) | 0.39 (0.76 to 0.81) | 0.23 (0.20 to 0.25) | 0.98 (0.98 to 0.98) |
| Infection | 0.61 (0.58 to 0.65) | 0.97 (0.97 to 0.97) | 21.04 (18.76 to 23.59) | 0.39 (0.36 to 0.42) | 0.62 (0.59 to 0.65) | 0.97 (0.97 to 0.97) |
| Respiratory | 0.46 (0.39 to 0.53) | 0.98 (0.98 to 0.98) | 29.39 (22.99 to 37.57) | 0.73 (0.69 to 0.78) | 0.28 (0.23 to 0.33) | 0.99 (0.99 to 0.99) |
| Surgical complication | 0.25 (0.22 to 0.28) | 0.97 (0.97 to 0.97) | 17.57 (13.81 to 22.35) | 0.80 (0.7 to 0.84) | 0.34 (0.30 to 0.38) | 0.96 (0.95 to 0.96) |
| Venous thromboembolism | 0.5 (0.33 to 0.67) | 0.99 (0.99 to 1.00) | 131.97 (72.97 to 241.36) | 0.81 (0.73 to 0.89) | 0.20 (0.12 to 0.29) | 1.00 (1.00 to 1.00) |
*All specific clusters were assessed in the full study population.
LOS, length of stay; LR, likelihood ratio; NPV, negative predictive value; NSQIP, National Surgical Quality Improvement Programme; PPV, positive predictive value; PSI, patient safety indicator.