Patient characteristics, counts and proportions of in-hospital deaths among 124 English hospital admissions for early-period and late-period COVID-19 admissions
| Feature | Value | Early period (March, April) | Late period (May, June, July) | ||
| n=59 054 | n=15 727 | ||||
| n (%) | In-hospital deaths (crude rate as %) | n (%) | In-hospital deaths (crude rate as %) | ||
| Age (years) | Mean (SD) | 67.7 (18.2) | – | 68.4 (20.1) | – |
| 0–9 | Suppressed* (<5) | Suppressed* (<5) | Suppressed* (<5) | Suppressed* (<5) | |
| 10–19 | 236 (0.4) | 8 (3.4) | Suppressed* (<5) | Suppressed* (<5) | |
| 20–29 | 1141 (1.9) | 30 (2.6) | Suppressed* (<5) | Suppressed* (<5) | |
| 30–39 | 2644 (4.5) | 114 (4.3) | 751 (4.8) | 11 (1.5) | |
| 40–49 | 5022 (8.5) | 347 (6.9) | 1213 (7.7) | 53 (4.4) | |
| 50–59 | 8795 (14.9) | 1259 (14.3) | 1875 (11.9) | 177 (9.4) | |
| 60–69 | 9652 (16.3) | 2554 (26.5) | 2162 (13.7) | 375 (17.3) | |
| 70–79 | 12 395 (21.0) | 4803 (38.7) | 3164 (20.1) | 897 (28.4) | |
| 80–89 | 13 919 (23.6) | 6618 (47.5) | 4154 (26.4) | 1521 (36.6) | |
| 90+ | 4761 (8.1) | 2555 (53.7) | 1647 (10.5) | 656 (39.8) | |
| Gender | Male | 34 462 (58.4) | 11 377 (33.0) | 8348 (53.1) | 2160 (25.9) |
| Female | 24 592 (41.6) | 6911 (28.1) | 7379 (46.9) | 1536 (20.8) | |
| Ethnic group | Black or Black British | 3763 (6.4) | 1002 (26.6) | 343 (2.2) | 51 (14.9) |
| Asian or Asian British | 5367 (9.1) | 1390 (25.9) | 1396 (8.9) | 208 (14.9) | |
| White | 39 828 (67.4) | 13 270 (33.3) | 12 011 (76.4) | 3079 (25.6) | |
| Other including Mixed | 3079 (5.2) | 694 (22.5) | 519 (3.3) | 58 (11.2) | |
| Unknown | 7017 (11.9) | 1932 (27.5) | 1458 (9.3) | 300 (20.6) | |
| Deprivation quintile | 1 (least deprived) | 8850 (15.0) | 2796 (31.6) | 2450 (15.6) | 632 (25.8) |
| 2 | 9740 (16.5) | 3147 (32.3) | 2802 (17.8) | 688 (24.6) | |
| 3 | 11 063 (18.7) | 3557 (32.2) | 3034 (19.3) | 822 (27.1) | |
| 4 | 12 210 (20.7) | 3825 (31.3) | 3417 (21.7) | 746 (21.8) | |
| 5 | 16 894 (28.6) | 4909 (29.1) | 3962 (25.2) | 804 (20.3) | |
| 6 (unknown) | 297 (0.5) | 54 (18.2) | 62 (0.4) | Suppressed* (<5) | |
| Method of admission | Emergency | 58 174 (98.5) | 18 081 (31.1) | 15 390 (97.9) | 3658 (23.8) |
| Non-emergency | 880 (1.5) | 207 (23.5) | 337 (2.1) | 38 (11.3) | |
| Admission source | Home | 52 632 (89.1) | 16 090 (30.6) | 14 198 (90.3) | 3290 (23.2) |
| Transfer from acute hospital | 391 (0.7) | 142 (36.3) | 123 (0.8) | 24 (19.5) | |
| Transfer from non-acute hospital | 92 (0.2) | 43 (46.7) | 26 (0.2) | 12 (46.2) | |
| Transfer from unknown hospital | 4002 (6.8) | 1158 (28.9) | 676 (4.3) | 123 (18.2) | |
| Other/unknown | 1937 (3.3) | 855 (44.1) | 704 (4.5) | 247 (35.1) | |
| Emergency admissions in previous 12 months | 0 | 35 277 (59.7) | 9118 (25.8) | 7262 (46.2) | 1295 (17.8) |
| 1 | 11 456 (19.4) | 4233 (37.0) | 3768 (24.0) | 1057 (28.1) | |
| 2 | 5362 (9.1) | 2179 (40.6) | 2001 (12.7) | 576 (28.8) | |
| 3+ | 6959 (11.8) | 2758 (39.6) | 2696 (17.1) | 768 (28.5) | |
| Admission month | March | 18 985 (32.1) | 6246 (32.9) | – | – |
| April | 40 069 (67.9) | 12 042 (30.1) | – | – | |
| May | – | – | 10 899 (69.3) | 2783 (25.5) | |
| June | – | – | 3652 (23.2) | 756 (20.7) | |
| July | – | – | 1176 (7.5) | 157 (13.4) | |
| Charlson Comorbidity Score | Mean (SD) | 8.9 (10.0) | – | 10.5 (10.7) | – |
| Comorbidity | Diabetes | 16 239 (27.5) | 5946 (36.6) | 3887 (24.7) | 1033 (26.6) |
| Hypertension | 26 143 (44.3) | 9528 (36.4) | 6510 (41.4) | 1739 (26.7) | |
| Coronary heart disease | 6581 (11.1) | 3274 (49.7) | 2436 (15.5) | 943 (38.7) | |
| COPD | 15 176 (25.7) | 5079 (33.5) | 4474 (28.4) | 1159 (25.9) | |
| Obesity | 5160 (8.7) | 1481 (28.7) | 1275 (8.1) | 185 (14.5) | |
| Cancer | 3406 (5.8) | 1528 (44.9) | 1265 (8.0) | 465 (36.8) | |
| Renal disease | 9713 (16.4) | 4500 (46.3) | 2694 (17.1) | 1015 (37.7) | |
| Dementia | 4666 (7.9) | 2417 (51.8) | 1444 (9.2) | 559 (38.7) | |
*Data suppressed due to small numbers.
COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.