Characteristic | Overall, N=38 104 | Low prevalence (<10%) N=9027 | Mid prevalence (10%–25%) N=20 265 | High prevalence (>25%) N=8812 | P value* |
Month admitted | <0.001 | ||||
Mar–Apr | 4589 (12%) | 1214 (13%) | 1020 (5.0%) | 2355 (27%) | |
May–Jun | 2742 (7.2%) | 1767 (20%) | 744 (3.7%) | 231 (2.6%) | |
Jul–Aug | 5403 (14%) | 1867 (21%) | 2603 (13%) | 933 (11%) | |
Sep–Oct | 4733 (12%) | 2394 (27%) | 2242 (11%) | 97 (1.1%) | |
Nov–Dec | 12 373 (32%) | 487 (5.4%) | 8559 (42%) | 3327 (38%) | |
Jan–Feb | 8264 (22%) | 1298 (14%) | 5097 (25%) | 1869 (21%) | |
Race | <0.001 | ||||
White | 26 692 (70%) | 6074 (67%) | 14 624 (72%) | 5994 (68%) | |
Black or African American | 8941 (23%) | 2187 (24%) | 4451 (22%) | 2303 (26%) | |
Other | 2471 (6.5%) | 766 (8.5%) | 1190 (5.9%) | 515 (5.8%) | |
Age | <0.001 | ||||
18–49 | 7167 (19%) | 2067 (23%) | 3659 (18%) | 1441 (16%) | |
50–64 | 9758 (26%) | 2308 (26%) | 5197 (26%) | 2253 (26%) | |
65–84 | 16 668 (44%) | 3738 (41%) | 8981 (44%) | 3949 (45%) | |
85+ | 4511 (12%) | 914 (10%) | 2428 (12%) | 1169 (13%) | |
Age (median, IQR) | 67 (54–78) | 65 (51–76) | 67 (55–78) | 68 (56–78) | <0.001 |
Sex | 0.002 | ||||
Female | 18 834 (49%) | 4609 (51%) | 9894 (49%) | 4331 (49%) | |
Male | 19 270 (51%) | 4418 (49%) | 10 371 (51%) | 4481 (51%) | |
Insurance | <0.001 | ||||
Commercial | 11 588 (30%) | 2775 (31%) | 6230 (31%) | 2583 (29%) | |
Medicaid | 3396 (8.9%) | 1080 (12%) | 1658 (8.2%) | 658 (7.5%) | |
Medicare | 21 692 (57%) | 4842 (54%) | 11 644 (57%) | 5206 (59%) | |
Other | 1428 (3.7%) | 330 (3.7%) | 733 (3.6%) | 365 (4.1%) | |
Comorbidity | |||||
Obesity | 13 200 (35%) | 3199 (35%) | 6795 (34%) | 3206 (36%) | <0.001 |
Asthma | 3121 (8.2%) | 799 (8.9%) | 1627 (8.0%) | 695 (7.9%) | 0.030 |
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | 5565 (15%) | 1378 (15%) | 2947 (15%) | 1240 (14%) | 0.073 |
Diabetes | 15 947 (42%) | 3597 (40%) | 8632 (43%) | 3718 (42%) | <0.001 |
Hypertension | 16 142 (42%) | 3663 (41%) | 8598 (42%) | 3881 (44%) | <0.001 |
Heart failure | 6956 (18%) | 1738 (19%) | 3723 (18%) | 1495 (17%) | <0.001 |
Chronic ischaemic heart disease | 8462 (22%) | 2018 (22%) | 4541 (22%) | 1903 (22%) | 0.3 |
Chronic kidney disease | 8540 (22%) | 1960 (22%) | 4631 (23%) | 1949 (22%) | 0.073 |
Liver disease | 2263 (5.9%) | 566 (6.3%) | 1241 (6.1%) | 456 (5.2%) | 0.002 |
Neoplasms | 2467 (6.5%) | 606 (6.7%) | 1395 (6.9%) | 466 (5.3%) | <0.001 |
Transplant | 244 (0.6%) | 67 (0.7%) | 143 (0.7%) | 34 (0.4%) | 0.003 |
Elixhauser Comorbidity Index | 9 (0–17) | 8 (0–17) | 9 (0–17) | 9 (0–17) | 0.15 |
Social Vulnerability Index | <0.001 | ||||
Low | 5417 (14%) | 1225 (13%) | 2587 (13%) | 1605 (18%) | |
Mid-low | 11 905 (31%) | 2541 (28%) | 6192 (31%) | 3172 (36%) | |
Mid-high | 12 602 (33%) | 3518 (39%) | 7359 (36%) | 1725 (20%) | |
High | 8180 (21%) | 1743 (19%) | 4127 (20%) | 2310 (26%) | |
Vital signs at admission | |||||
Respiratory rate ≥24 breaths/min | 8055 (21%) | 1708 (19%) | 4212 (21%) | 2135 (24%) | <0.001 |
Oxygen saturation <94% | 12 734 (33%) | 2537 (28%) | 6990 (34%) | 3207 (36%) | <0.001 |
Temperature ≥38°C | 5086 (13%) | 1270 (14%) | 2593 (13%) | 1223 (14%) | 0.003 |
Intensive care unit stay | 16 756 (44%) | 4092 (45%) | 8909 (44%) | 3755 (43%) | <0.001 |
Mortality | 5009 (13%) | 994 (11%) | 2713 (13%) | 1302 (15%) | <0.001 |
*Χ2 test of independence for categorical variables and Kruskal-Wallis tests for continuous variables.