Baseline and postimplementation rates in the intervention and control facilities and difference-in-difference estimates for the intention-to-treat analysis
| Outcome | Control (n=127) | Intervention (n=43) | Difference-in-difference | ||||
| Before mean (SD) | After mean (SD) | Before mean (SD) | After mean (SD) | Estimate† | SE | 95% CI | |
| Urine culturing | 3.8 (2.2) | 3.4 (2.0) | 4.1 (1.9) | 3.1 (2.1) | −0.21** | 0.02 | −0.24 to to 0.17 |
| Urinary antibiotics | 1.5 (0.7) | 1.0 (0.5) | 1.6 (0.7) | 0.9 (0.5) | −0.13** | 0.03 | −0.19 to to 0.07 |
| Total antibiotics | 4.4 (1.1) | 3.6 (1.2) | 4.4 (1.2) | 3.5 (1.1) | −0.05* | 0.02 | −0.08 to to 0.01 |
| Acute care admission | 2.1 (0.8) | 2.0 (0.7) | 1.8 (0.6) | 1.8 (0.7) | 0.01 | 0.02 | −0.03 to 0.06 |
| Mortality | 1.8 (0.6) | 1.9 (0.7) | 1.9 (0.4) | 2.1 (0.6) | 0.01 | 0.04 | −0.06 to 0.09 |
*P<0.01; **p<0.0001.
†From the difference-in-difference estimate (Poisson random-effects model). Before=baseline period from November 2016–April 2018. After=postimplementation period from September 2018–December 2019.