Table 2

Use of strategies designed to prevent catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTIs) in studies with economic evaluations

Components of QI interventionPickard et al 38 Rupp
et al 36 		Lai and Fontecchio39 Karchmer
et al 43 		Saint et al 42 Cartwright41 Pashnik et al 44 Anderson
et al 33 		Van den Broek et al* 35 Saint et al 37 Quinn40 Clarke et al 34 Palmer and Dixon47 Mitchell et al 48 58
Changes to hospital CAUTI-related policies and practices
SHEA/IDSA recommended strategies for CAUTI prevention
Written criteria for catheter indications        I I   
Supplies for aseptic insertion readily available     I        
Documentation of catheter indications and care      I I I I  
CAUTI surveillance using standardised criteria        II I   
Unit-specific feedback      I   I   
Meatal cleaning with antiseptic prior to insertion             I
SHEA/IDSA recommended special approaches for preventing CAUTI in locations with unacceptably high CAUTI rates
Use of bladder scanners     II I     
Automated reminders of persistent catheterisation        IIII  
Report catheter use and adverse events      I   I   
Periodical review of catheter necessity      I I I   
SHEA/IDSA recommended implementation strategies: engagement, education and execution
CAUTI-specific nursing-focused education     IIII III 
CAUTI-specific physician-focused education          I   
Automated catheter stop orders        I     
Engagement of hospital leadership      II II   
Multidisciplinary CAUTI prevention team      I I II  
‘Bladder bundle’†      II      
Electronic alerts to confirm catheter necessity          II  
Audits on compliance      I    I  
Other approaches
CAUTI ‘toolkit’‡       I      
Bard Tray            I 
Physician champions      II  I   
Root cause analysis of CAUTI events in real time          I I 
Routine site visits       I      
Patient education      I       
Specially trained advanced practice nurses        I     
Antimicrobial catheters
Approaches NOT recommended by SHEA/IDSA as routine part of CAUTI prevention
Silver alloy-impregnated cathetersIIIII     II  
Nitrofurazone-impregnated catheters I             

  • Created by authors.

  • *Ten hospitals implemented their own interventions; one or more hospitals implemented the intervention marked in the column.

  • †Definition from Pashnick and Anderson 2011.

  • ‡Definition from Anderson 2011.

  • IDSA, Infectious Diseases Society of America; QI, quality improvement; SHEA, Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America.