Summary of model type and patient outcomes including effect size and statistical significance, if reported
| Authors | Deterioration model | IHCPA change | In-hospital mortality change | ICU admission change | LOS change (days) |
| Bailey et al 24 | Logistic regression | 10% (control) to 11% (intervention) | 16%–14% | 7.07–6.92 | |
| Bedoya et al 35 | NEWS | 0.175–0.182 (academic), 0.262–0.251 (community) | 0.537–0.483 (academic), 0.429–0.361 (community) | ||
| Bellomo et al 36 | Varied by site | 0.4%–0.3%, p=0.34 | 1.8%–2.0%, p=0.34 | 5.4%–5.4%*, p=0.95 | 3.4–3 (US only, p<0.0001), 4–4 (non-US only, p=0.38) overall 4–3, p<0.0001 |
| Danesh et al 25 | Rothman Index | 8.85–6.73 per 1000 patient days*, p=0.001 | |||
| Duncan et al 37 | Custom EWS | 21–9 | Unknown | ||
| Escobar et al 26 | Logistic regression | 14.4%–9.8% | 30-day ICU admission RR 0.91 (0.84–0.98) | Hospital discharge HR=1.07(1.03–1.11) | |
| Evans et al 31 | Custom EWS | 3.7%–2.6% in unit A, p=0.04; 0.6%–0.5% in unit B | 4.1%–5.1% in unit A, p=0.23 | 4.4–4.9 in unit A, p=0.002, no change or effect size reported in unit B | |
| Fletcher et al 32 | Custom EWS | IRR 1.46, p=0.43 | IRR 0.96, p=0.89 | IRR 1.15*, p=0.25 | |
| Fogerty et al 40 | SIRS criteria | No effect size reported, p=0.07 | OR 1.25*, p=0.036 | ||
| Giuliano, K.34 | EWS | 14–10 | |||
| Heal et al 27 | Custom EWS | 3–1 | |||
| Heller et al 41 | MEWS | 0.53%–0.21%, p<0.001 | 8.5–8.8 | 3.6%–3.0%*, p<0.001 | 14.7–13.8 |
| Jones et al 42 | CMFT EWS | 0.4%–0.0%, p=0.21 | 9.5%–7.6%, p=0.19 | 0.47%–0.28%, p=0.04 | 9.7–6.9, p<0.001 |
| Kollef et al 30 | Logistic regression | OR 0.947, p=0.865 | OR 0.972, p=0.898 | 9.4–8.4, p=0.038 | |
| Mestrom et al 38 | MEWS | 1.6%–1.1%, p=0.9 | 13.4%–10.6%, p=0.36 | 12–11 days, p=0.39 | |
| Parrish et al 39 | MEWS | 1.19–1.16 per 1000 discharges | 1–3 | ||
| Subbe et al 28 | NEWS/CREWS/palliative | 0.65%–0.08%, p=0.002 | OR=0.79, p=0.043 | 1.2%–0.9%*, p=0.158 | |
| Weller et al 33 | Custom EWS | 0.492%–0.260% | 5.29%–4.02%, p=0.09 |
Statistically significant (p<0.05) effect sizes denoted with bold text. Unplanned ICU admissions denoted with an asterisk (*).
CMFT, Central Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust; CREWS, Chronic Respiratory Early Warning Score; EWS, Early Warning Score; ICU, intensive care unit; IHCPA, in-hospital cardiac or pulmonary arrest; IRR, incidence rate ratio; LOS, length of stay; MEWS, Modified Early Warning Score; NEWS, National Early Warning Score; NHS, National Health Service; RR, relative risk; SIRS, systemic inflammatory response syndrome.