Results of logistic regression model for patient and system factors for patients with any adverse event and for patients with preventable adverse events (n=5802)*
| Patient and system factors | Unadjusted OR (95% CI) | Adjusted OR (95% CI) | P value for adjusted OR |
| Any adverse event | |||
| Age (years) | 1.04 (1.01 to 1.07) | 1.04 (1.01 to 1.07) | 0.010 |
| Sex (female vs male) | 0.91 (0.66 to 1.26) | 0.92 (0.67 to 1.28) | 0.624 |
| English or French not spoken in the home by either parent (yes vs no) | 0.82 (0.45 to 1.53) | 0.98 (0.54 to 1.78) | 0.945 |
| Both parents immigrated in the last 5 years (yes vs no) | 0.84 (0.40 to 1.76) | 0.96 (0.48 to 1.93) | 0.906 |
| Triage acuity† | 0.044 | ||
| High acuity (resuscitation/emergent) versus low acuity (semiurgent/non-urgent) | 1.66 (1.10 to 2.51) | 1.18 (0.75 to 1.86) | |
| Mid-acuity (urgent) versus low acuity (semiurgent/non-urgent) | 0.92 (0.66 to 1.28) | 0.76 (0.53 to 1.08) | |
| Disposition (admitted vs discharged) | 1.64 (0.98 to 2.74) | 0.90 (0.45 to 1.82) | 0.777 |
| Mental health visit (yes vs no) | 0.32 (0.04 to 2.37) | 0.16 (0.02 to 1.28) | 0.084 |
| Chronic condition (yes vs no) | 1.59 (1.14 to 2.23) | 1.34 (0.97 to 1.86) | 0.076 |
| Time to assess patient (hours) | 1.01 (0.93 to 1.10) | 1.06 (0.99 to 1.13) | 0.088 |
| Number of emergency department (ED) physicians involved (≥2 vs 1) | 1.61 (0.97 to 2.65) | 1.22 (0.72 to 2.06) | 0.462 |
| Location in ED (acute care vs ambulatory zone) | 2.09 (1.45 to 3.01) | 2.01 (1.36 to 2.98) | 0.001 |
| Level of physicians initially managing (trainee vs staff) | 1.08 (0.79 to 1.49) | 1.02 (0.74 to 1.39) | 0.924 |
| After-hours visit (yes vs no) | 0.95 (0.71 to 1.27) | 0.90 (0.68 to 1.19) | 0.463 |
| Weekday visit versus weekend visit | 0.99 (0.69 to 1.41) | 0.99 (0.70 to 1.39) | 0.942 |
| Needed a consultation (yes vs no) | 1.95 (1.20 to 3.17) | 1.61 (0.87 to 3.00) | 0.132 |
| Preventable adverse event | |||
| Age (years) | 1.06 (1.03 to 1.09) | 1.06 (1.02 to 1.09) | <0.001 |
| Sex (female vs male) | 0.80 (0.54 to 1.17) | 0.79 (0.53 to 1.17) | 0.231 |
| English or French is not spoken in the home by either parent (yes vs no) | 0.43 (0.18 to 1.05) | 0.53 (0.21 to 1.32) | 0.171 |
| Both parents immigrated in the last 5 years (yes vs no) | 0.73 (0.32 to 1.67) | 0.96 (0.42 to 2.21) | 0.926 |
| Triage acuity | 0.519 | ||
| High acuity (resuscitation/emergent) versus low acuity (semiurgent/non-urgent) | 1.57 (0.97 to 2.54) | 1.18 (0.71 to 1.98) | |
| Mid-acuity (urgent) versus low acuity (semiurgent/non-urgent) | 1.10 (0.75 to 1.61) | 0.92 (0.61 to 1.38) | |
| Disposition (admitted vs discharged) | 1.03 (0.73 to 1.45) | 0.87 (0.39 to 1.96) | 0.738 |
| Mental health visit (yes vs no) | 0.43 (0.06 to 3.15) | 0.19 (0.02 to 1.51) | 0.115 |
| Chronic condition (yes vs no) | 1.90 (1.32 to 2.73) | 1.55 (1.08 to 2.23) | 0.016 |
| Time to assess patient (hours) | 1.05 (0.97 to 1.13) | 1.09 (1.02 to 1.16) | 0.010 |
| Number of ED physicians involved (≥2 vs 1) | 1.08 (0.56 to 2.06) | 0.79 (0.41 to 1.55) | 0.501 |
| Location in ED (acute care area vs ambulatory zone) | 1.93 (1.32 to 2.82) | 1.85 (1.22 to 2.81) | 0.004 |
| Level of physicians initially managing (trainee vs staff) | 1.08 (0.79 to 1.49) | 0.95 (0.67 to 1.34) | 0.764 |
| After-hours visit (yes vs no) | 0.87 (0.62 to 1.23) | 0.84 (0.60 to 1.18) | 0.319 |
| Weekday versus weekend visit | 0.93 (0.62 to 1.42) | 0.90 (0.61 to 1.34) | 0.618 |
| Needed a consultation (yes vs no) | 1.96 (1.17 to 3.31) | 1.72 (0.87 to 3.42) | 0.121 |
*The analysis includes patients seen first by ED-specific services. It does not include patients who registered and left without being seen and those referred directly to a consulting service who registered and left without being seen and those referred directly to a consulting service.
†Measured using the Pediatric Canadian Triage Acuity Scale (pedCTAS).