Characteristics of included studies
| Characteristic | Interventional feedback studies (n=42) | Non-interventional feedback studies (n=6) | Total (N=48) | |||
| n | %* | n | %* | n | %* | |
| Year | ||||||
| 1989–1999 | 6 | 14 | 1 | 17 | 7 | 15 |
| 2000–2009 | 3 | 7 | – | 3 | 6 | |
| 2010–2019 | 26 | 62 | 2 | 33 | 28 | 58 |
| 2020–2022 | 7 | 17 | 3 | 50 | 10 | 21 |
| Country | ||||||
| USA | 16 | 38 | 3 | 60 | 19 | 40 |
| Germany | 6 | 14 | – | – | 6 | 13 |
| UK | 4 | 10 | 2 | 33 | 6 | 13 |
| Sweden | 3 | 7 | – | – | 3 | 6 |
| Netherlands | 2 | 5 | – | – | 2 | 4 |
| Australia | 2 | 5 | – | – | 2 | 4 |
| Other or multiple countries | 9 | 21 | 1 | 17 | 10 | 21 |
| Study design | ||||||
| Cohort study | 4 | 10 | – | – | 4 | 8 |
| Case–control study | 1 | 2 | – | – | 1 | 2 |
| Cross-sectional study | 30 | 71 | – | – | 30 | 63 |
| Quantitative descriptive study | 4 | 10 | 3 | 50 | 7 | 15 |
| Qualitative study | 1 | 2 | 3 | 50 | 4 | 8 |
| Mixed-methods study | 2 | 5 | – | – | 2 | 4 |
| Context | ||||||
| Paramedic emergency services | 33 | 79 | 6 | 100 | 39 | 81 |
| Emergency operations centre | 6 | 14 | – | – | 6 | 13 |
| Ambulance service organisation | 2 | 5 | – | – | 2 | 4 |
| Other or multiple contexts | 1 | 2 | – | – | 1 | 2 |
*Sections of individual columns may not add up to exactly 100% due to rounding.