Demographic and clinical characteristics of participants with hospital-onset bacteraemia and fungaemia events from 13 US hospitals, January 2016 to June 2019, N=2109
| Characteristics | Total n (%) N=2109 | Adult n (%) n=1754 (83) | Paediatric n (%) n=355 (17) | Academic n (%) n=1768 (84) | Community n (%) n=341 (16) |
| Median age in years (IQR) | 56 (33–67) | 60 (48–69) | 1 (30 days to 9 years) | 53 (27–65) | 64 (53–74) |
| Gender | |||||
| Male | 1253 (59.4) | 1047 (59.7) | 206 (58) | 1066 (60.3) | 187 (54.8) |
| Female | 856 (40.6) | 707 (40.3) | 149 (42) | 702 (39.7) | 154 (45.2) |
| Race | |||||
| White or Caucasian | 1306 (61.9) | 1134 (64.7) | 172 (48.5) | 1089 (61.6) | 217 (63.6) |
| African American or Black | 566 (26.8) | 444 (25.3) | 122 (34.4) | 468 (26.5) | 98 (28.7) |
| Unknown | 157 (7.4) | 117 (6.7) | 40 (11.3) | 145 (8.2) | 12 (3.5) |
| Asian | 35 (1.7) | 28 (1.6) | 7 (2) | 24 (1.4) | 11 (3.2) |
| American Indian | 21 (1) | 19 (1.1) | 2 (0.6) | 18 (1) | 3 (0.9) |
| Two or more races | 18 (0.9) | 7 (0.4) | 11 (3.1) | 18 (1) | 0 (0) |
| Native American or Pacific Islander | 6 (0.3) | 5 (0.3) | 1 (0.3) | 6 (0.3) | 0 (0) |
| Intensive care unit stay 48 hours before index blood culture | 686 (32.4) | 487 (27.8) | 199 (56.1) | 629 (35.6) | 57 (16.7) |
| Median duration of hospital stay prior to index blood culture, in days (IQR) | 11 (6–20) | 10 (6–18) | 16 (8–35) | 12 (7–21) | 6 (4–13) |
| Antibiotic use 14 days before index blood culture | 1526 (72.4) | 1251 (71.3) | 275 (77.5) | 1293 (73.1) | 233 (68.3) |
| Any device present (on or within 2 days prior to index blood culture) | 1929 (91.5) | 1591 (90.7) | 338 (95.2) | 1655 (93.6) | 274 (80.4) |
| Urinary catheter | 727 (34.5) | 623 (35.5) | 104 (29.3) | 596 (33.7) | 131 (38.4) |
| Central line | 1366 (64.7) | 1107 (63.1) | 259 (73.0) | 1200 (67.9) | 166 (48.7) |
| Arterial line | 343 (16.3) | 283 (16.1) | 60 (16.9) | 317 (17.9) | 26 (7.6) |
| Midline | 109 (5.2) | 103 (5.9) | 6 (1.7) | 86 (4.9) | 23 (6.7) |
| Mechanical ventilator | 434 (20.6) | 326 (18.6) | 108 (30.4) | 362 (20.5) | 72 (21.1) |
| Tracheostomy | 120 (5.7) | 97 (5.5) | 23 (6.5) | 109 (6.2) | 11 (3.2) |
| Percutaneous gastronomy or jejunostomy tube | 174 (8.3) | 123 (7) | 51 (14.4) | 141 (8) | 33 (9.7) |
| Recent surgery (within 30 days before index blood culture) | 595 (28.2) | 487 (27.8) | 108 (30.4) | 536 (30.3) | 59 (17.3) |
| Procedures performed (within 14 days before index blood culture) | 827 (39.2) | 746 (42.5) | 81 (22.8) | 719 (40.7) | 108 (31.7) |
| Gastrointestinal | 208 (9.9) | 199 (11.3) | 9 (2.5) | 166 (9.4) | 42 (12.3) |
| Urology | 32 (1.5) | 32 (1.8) | 0 (0) | 12 (0.7) | 20 (5.9) |
| Interventional radiology | 261 (12.4) | 245 (14) | 16 (4.5) | 231 (13.1) | 30 (8.8) |
| Interventional cardiology | 76 (3.6) | 64 (3.6) | 12 (3.4) | 72 (4.1) | 4 (1.2) |
| Interventional pulmonology | 171 (8.1) | 151 (8.6) | 20 (5.6) | 151 (8.5) | 20 (5.9) |
| Shock (within 30 days before index blood culture) | 515 (24.4) | 474 (27) | 41 (11.5) | 420 (23.8) | 95 (27.9) |
| Receiving dialysis | 356 (16.9) | 337 (19.2) | 19 (5.4) | 291 (16.5) | 65 (19.1) |
| Total parenteral nutrition | 345 (16.4) | 210 (12) | 135 (38) | 303 (17.1) | 42 (12.3) |
| Skin condition | |||||
| Burn | 18 (0.9) | 16 (0.9) | 2 (0.6) | 18 (1) | 0 (0) |
| Desquamating skin | 40 (1.9) | 30 (1.7) | 10 (2.8) | 31 (1.8) | 9 (2.6) |
| Decubitus ulcer | 210 (10) | 203 (11.6) | 7 (2) | 153 (8.7) | 57 (16.7) |
| Drug use disorder | 146 (6.9) | 145 (8.3) | 1 (0.3) | 117 (6.6) | 29 (8.5) |
| Current drug use | 102 (4.8) | 101 (5.8) | 1 (0.3) | 83 (4.7) | 19 (5.6) |
| Injection or skin popping | 59 (2.8) | 59 (3.4) | 0 (0) | 48 (2.7) | 11 (3.2) |
| Immunosuppressive therapy within the last 30 days | 781 (37) | 649 (37) | 132 (37.2) | 718 (40.6) | 63 (18.5) |
| Active malignancy with ongoing chemotherapy | 464 (22) | 381 (21.7) | 83 (23.4) | 431 (24.4) | 33 (9.7) |
| Other immunosuppressive or immunomodulator therapy | 413 (19.6) | 354 (20.2) | 59 (16.6) | 377 (21.3) | 36 (10.6) |
| Radiation therapy | 35 (1.7) | 30 (1.7) | 5 (1.4) | 35 (2) | 0 (0) |
| Long-term immunosuppression | 492 (23.3) | 410 (23.4) | 82 (23.1) | 436 (24.7) | 56 (16.4) |
| Neutropenia* | 409 (19.4) | 313 (17.8) | 96 (27) | 396 (22.4) | 13 (3.8) |
| Organ transplant | 357 (16.9) | 299 (17) | 58 (16.3) | 351 (19.9) | 6 (1.8) |
| Solid organ transplant | 143 (6.8) | 134 (7.6) | 9 (2.5) | 138 (7.8) | 5 (1.5) |
| Stem or bone marrow transplant | 214 (10.1) | 165 (9.4) | 49 (13.8) | 213 (12) | 1 (0.3) |
| Outcomes | |||||
| Death during hospital admission | 489 (23.2) | 430 (24.5) | 59 (16.6) | 422 (23.9) | 67 (19.6) |
| Median hospital length of stay | 24 (15–42) | 22 (14–37) | 46 (26–104) | 27 (16–46) | 16.5 (11–24) |
*Neutropenia was defined as absolute neutrophil count less than 1.0x10∧9/Lon at least 2 separate days before or after 7 days of the index positive blood culture.