Table 2

Factors associated with engaging with CYPHP’s population health management (PHM) system: step 1 (engagement) and step 2 (receiving care)

	Outcomes
	Step 1: engaging with PHM system*	Step 2: receiving care*
	Adjusted OR (95% CI)	Adjusted OR (95% CI)
Age at start of study	1.05 (1.03 to 1.06)	NS
Age squared†	0.99 (0.99 to 0.99)	NS
Sex		NS
Most vs least deprived‡	0.74 (0.62 to 0.87)	1.50 (1.01 to 2.22)
Ethnicity
White	Reference	Reference
Asian	0.69 (0.59 to 0.81)	1.02 (0.72 to 1.45)
Black	0.69 (0.62 to 0.76)	1.43 (1.15 to 1.78)
Mixed	0.88 (0.78 to 1.00)	1.01 (0.76 to 1.33)
Other ethnicity	0.63 (0.52 to 0.76)	0.92 (0.54 to 1.56)
Condition
Constipation	Reference
Asthma	2.35 (2.12 to 2.62)	N/A
Eczema	2.27 (2.03 to 2.54)	N/A
2+ conditions	4.23 (3.74 to 4.79)	N/A
GP federation
Southwark North	Reference
Southwark South	1.14 (0.94 to 1.38)	N/A
Lambeth	0.49 (0.42 to 0.58)	N/A

*Outcomes: (1) The odds of engaging with the PHM system are the number of children identified with a tracer condition (among 19 773 total children), who completed a health check compared with those identified as having the condition who did not. (2) The odds of receiving care are the number, among 2767 eligible children, who received early intervention care compared with those who did not.
†Age is not linearly associated with Healthcheck uptake; a quadratic variable was added to the model to improve fit.
‡Measures of deprivation were Indices of Multiple Deprivation 2019 levels, determined by England population quintiles. Random-effects multivariable models with multiple imputed ethnicity to account for missing data, clustered by GP practice. Model 1 controlled for the federation conducting PHM and health condition. Due to small numbers, we did not control for additional variables in model 2.
CYPHP, Children and Young People’s Health Partnership; GP, general practitioner; N/A, not applicable; NS, not significant.