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A Model to Predict Central-Line–Associated Bloodstream Infection Among Patients With Peripherally Inserted Central Catheters: The MPC Score

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  15 August 2017

Erica Herc ,
Payal Patel ,
Laraine L. Washer ,
Anna Conlon ,
Scott A. Flanders  and
Vineet Chopra
Erica Herc
Affiliation:
Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan Veterans Affairs Ann Arbor Health System, Ann Arbor, Michigan
Payal Patel
Affiliation:
Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan Veterans Affairs Ann Arbor Health System, Ann Arbor, Michigan Department of Infection Prevention and Epidemiology, Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan
Laraine L. Washer
Affiliation:
Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan Veterans Affairs Ann Arbor Health System, Ann Arbor, Michigan Department of Infection Prevention and Epidemiology, Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan
Anna Conlon
Affiliation:
Division of Hospital Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan
Scott A. Flanders
Affiliation:
Division of Hospital Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan Patient Safety Enhancement Program, Veterans Affairs Ann Arbor Health System, Ann Arbor, Michigan
Vineet Chopra*
Affiliation:
Division of Hospital Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan Patient Safety Enhancement Program, Veterans Affairs Ann Arbor Health System, Ann Arbor, Michigan
*
Address correspondence to Vineet Chopra, MD, MSc, 2800 Plymouth Road, Building 16, #432W, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 (vineetc@umich.edu).
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Abstract

BACKGROUND

Peripherally inserted central catheters (PICCs) are associated with central-line–associated bloodstream infections (CLABSIs). However, no tools to predict risk of PICC-CLABSI have been developed.

OBJECTIVE

To operationalize or prioritize CLABSI risk factors when making decisions regarding the use of PICCs using a risk model to estimate an individual’s risk of PICC-CLABSI prior to device placement.

METHODS

Using data from the Michigan Hospital Medicine Safety consortium, patients that experienced PICC-CLABSI between January 2013 and October 2016 were identified. A Cox proportional hazards model with robust sandwich standard error estimates was then used to identify factors associated with PICC-CLABSI. Based on regression coefficients, points were assigned to each predictor and summed for each patient to create the Michigan PICC-CLABSI (MPC) score. The predictive performance of the score was assessed using time-dependent area-under-the-curve (AUC) values.

RESULTS

Of 23,088 patients that received PICCs during the study period, 249 patients (1.1%) developed a CLABSI. Significant risk factors associated with PICC-CLABSI included hematological cancer (3 points), CLABSI within 3 months of PICC insertion (2 points), multilumen PICC (2 points), solid cancers with ongoing chemotherapy (2 points), receipt of total parenteral nutrition (TPN) through the PICC (1 point), and presence of another central venous catheter (CVC) at the time of PICC placement (1 point). The MPC score was significantly associated with risk of CLABSI (P<.0001). For every point increase, the hazard ratio of CLABSI increased by 1.63 (95% confidence interval, 1.56–1.71). The area under the receiver-operating-characteristics curve was 0.67 to 0.77 for PICC dwell times of 6 to 40 days, which indicates good model calibration.

CONCLUSION

The MPC score offers a novel way to inform decisions regarding PICC use, surveillance of high-risk cohorts, and utility of blood cultures when PICC-CLABSI is suspected. Future studies validating the score are necessary.

Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2017;38:1155–1166

Type
Original Articles
Information
Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology , Volume 38 , Issue 10 , October 2017 , pp. 1155 - 1166
Copyright
© 2017 by The Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America. All rights reserved 

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