The literature on community-oriented medical education is reviewed. In response to major changes in the origin, expression and place of management of much illness, many medical schools are turning their attention increasingly to the community from whence to derive their curriculum and wherein to effect their teaching. The traditional hospital base of teaching is eroding, necessitating new, innovative approaches to medical education. Becoming community-oriented, or using community-based learning, offers potential benefits for the schools, the students, and the public. The experience of others demonstrates the necessity of enlisting community representatives as partners in the process of change. Institutional barriers are significant and careful planning is needed to overcome them.