Hybridization has many and varied impacts on the process of speciation. Hybridization may
slow or reverse differentiation by allowing gene flow and recombination. It may accelerate …

An appreciation of the scale and frequency of climatic oscillations in the past few million
years is modifying our views on how evolution proceeds. Such major events caused …

Global climate has fluctuated greatly during the past three million years, leading to the
recent major ice ages. An inescapable consequence for most living organisms is great …

The genetic effects of pleistocene ice ages are approached by deduction from
paleoenvironmental information, by induction from the genetic structure of populations and …

Hybrid zones are, roughly speaking, narrow regions in which genetically distinct populations
meet, mate, and produce hybrids. They are often only a few hundred meters wide and yet …

Population structure is the result of both present processes and past history. Molecular
markers are proving of great value in describing the former, and it is important to similarly …

Many species are divided into a mosaic of genetically distinct populations, separated by
narrow zones of hybridization. Studies of hybrid zones allow us to quantify the genetic …

Nuclear copies of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) have contaminated PCR-based
mitochondrial studies of over 64 different animal species. Since the last review of these …

Process Heat Transfer presents comprehensive coverage of both classical and new topics
on the subject. Classical aspects discussed include shell-and-tube heat exchangers, double …

The origins and development of the study of speciation, hybrid zones and phylogeography
are outlined using evolutionary iconography. This traces the ideas in this field from Lamarck …